2013年5月3日 星期五

最伟大的德国人（德语：Unsere Besten 直译:我们当中最好的人）


最伟大的德国人（德语：Unsere Besten 直译:我们当中最好的人）是2003年11月德国电视二台播出的电视节目，由约翰内斯·B·克纳（Johannes B. Kerner）主持。该节目与英国英国广播公司最伟大的100名英国人类似[1]。在随后的几年中，产生了其他类似的排名，如“德国人最喜欢的书籍”、“地方”、“歌曲”、“演员”、“笑星”、“运动员”（足球运动员另设）、“发明”、“电视节目”（奥运会项目另设）。

[编辑]最伟大的德国人

该节目最初的目的是找出“那些是最伟大的德国人？”（Wer sind die größten Deutschen?），并用排名列出。德国公众可以通过明信片、SMS和互联网在300多人的现当代名人当中进行投票。
预先设定好的名单有两个原因：
不过，把说德语写德语的哥白尼加入到科学家列表当中在波兰引发争议[2]。在波兰，哥白尼被尊为民族英雄。2003年6月12日，波兰参议院宣布哥白尼是一位“卓越的波兰人”。同样，把莫扎特和弗洛伊德加入候选名单在奥地利也引发批评。
最终，主办方为前十名的人物举办了附加赛，每一名候选人都有一位“大使”为其解说他/她的所喜欢的人物的重要性。
因为该节目电视投票电话收费较高引发了争议[3]。

[编辑]最终名单

1. 康拉德·阿登纳
2. 马丁·路德
3. 卡尔·马克思
4. 自左：索菲·朔尔和汉斯·朔尔
5. 维利·勃兰特
6. 约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫
7. 约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德
8. 约翰内斯·谷登堡
9. 奥托·冯·俾斯麦
10. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
11. Adolph Kolping
12. Ludwig van Beethoven
13. Helmut Kohl
14. Robert Bosch
16. Konrad Zuse
17. Joseph Kentenich
  1. 康拉德·阿登纳，1949年至1963年西德总理（1876–1967）
  2. 马丁·路德，宗教改革领袖、新教之父（1483–1546）
  3. 卡尔·马克思，政治经济学家、哲学家（1818–1883）
  4. 索菲和汉斯·朔尔，白玫瑰青年反纳粹学生（1921/1918-1943）
  5. 维利·勃兰特，1969年至1974年西德总理，施行东方政策（1913–1992）
  6. 约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫，作曲家（1685–1750）
  7. 约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德，作家 writer (1749–1832）
  8. 约翰内斯·谷登堡，欧洲活字印刷术发明者（1400–1468）
  9. 奥托·冯·俾斯麦，政治家，1871年建立统一的德意志帝国，首任首相（1815–1898）
  10. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，理论物理学家，发现广义相对论（1879–1955）
  11. Adolph Kolping, priest (1813–1865)
  12. 路德维希·范·贝多芬，作曲家（1770–1827）
  13. Helmut Kohl, West German chancellor from 1982–1998, important figure for Germany's Reunification(born 1930)
  14. Robert Bosch, inventor and industrialist (1861–1942)
  15. Daniel Küblböck, singer (born 1985)
  16. 康拉德·楚泽，电脑发明者（1910–1995）
  17. Josef Kentenich, priest (1885–1968)
  18. Albert Schweitzer, physician and philanthropist (1875–1965)
  19. Karlheinz Böhm, actor and charity activist (born 1928)
  20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, composer (1756–1791)
  21. Helmut Schmidt, West German chancellor from 1974–1982 (born 1918)
  22. Regine Hildebrandt, politician (1941–2001)
  23. Alice Schwarzer, feminist journalist (born 1942)
  24. Thomas Gottschalk, TV host (born 1950)
  25. Herbert Grönemeyer, musician (born 1956)
  26. Michael Schumacher, racing driver (born 1969)
  27. Ludwig Erhard, west German chancellor, creator of the Wirtschaftswunder in the 1950s (1897–1977)
  28. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist (1845–1923)
  29. Günther Jauch, television celebrity and journalist (born 1956)
  30. Dieter Bohlen, television celebrity and music producer (born 1954)
  31. Jan Ullrich, athlete (cycling) (born 1973)
  32. Steffi Graf, athlete (tennis) (born 1969)
  33. Samuel Hahnemann, physician (1755–1843)
  34. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, theologian and Nazi victim (1906–1945)
  35. Boris Becker, athlete (tennis) (born 1967)
  36. Franz Beckenbauer, athlete (football), coach and organiser (born 1945)
  37. Oskar Schindler, industrialist, Jews' saviour (1908–1974)
  38. 妮娜，歌手（生于1960年）
  39. Hans-Dietrich Genscher, politician (born 1927)
  40. Heinz Rühmann, actor (1902–1994)
  41. Harald Schmidt, comedian (born 1957)
  42. Frederick II of Prussia ("Frederick the Great") king (1712–1786)
  43. Immanuel Kant, philosopher, leading figure of the Enlightenment (1724–1804)
  44. Patrick Lindner, singer (born 1960)
  45. Hartmut Engler, singer (Pur) (born 1961)
  46. Hildegard von Bingen, nun, writer and musician (1098–1179)
  47. Heino, singer (born 1938)
  48. Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President from 1984–1994 (born 1920)
  49. Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, military officer and Anti-Hitler activist (1907–1944)
  50. Marlene Dietrich, actress and singer (1901–1992)
  51. Robert Koch, physician (1843–1910)
  52. Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor from 1998–2005 (born 1948)
  53. Karl May, writer (1842–1912)
  54. Loriot (Vicco von Bülow), satirist (1923–2011)
  55. Albertus Magnus, scholar (1200–1280)
  56. Rudi Völler, athlete (football) (born 1960)
  57. Heinz Erhardt, comedian (1909–1979)
  58. Roy Black, singer and actor (1943–1991)
  59. Heinz-Harald Frentzen, racing driver (born 1967)
  60. Wolfgang Apel, animal rights activist (born 1951)
  61. Alexander von Humboldt, scientist (1769–1859)
  62. Peter Kraus, singer (born 1939)
  63. Wernher von Braun, rocket scientist (1912–1977)
  64. Dirk Nowitzki, athlete (basketball) (born 1978)
  65. Campino, singer (Die Toten Hosen) (born 1962)
  66. Franz Josef Strauß, politician (1915–1988)
  67. Sebastian Kneipp, physician (1821–1897)
  68. Friedrich Schiller, writer (1759–1805)
  69. Richard Wagner, composer (1813–1883)
  70. Katarina Witt, athlete (figure skating) (born 1965)
  71. Fritz Walter, athlete (football), captain of 1954 world championship winners (1920–2002)
  72. Nicole, singer (born 1964)
  73. Friedrich von Bodelschwingh, priest (1831–1910)
  74. Otto Lilienthal, aviation pioneer (1848–1896)
  75. Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, editor (1909–2002)
  76. Thomas Mann, writer (1875–1955)
  77. Hermann Hesse, writer (1877–1962)
  78. Romy Schneider, actress (1938–1982)
  79. Sven Hannawald, athlete (ski jumping) (born 1974)
  80. Elisabeth of Bavaria ("Sissi"), royal consort (1837–1898)
  81. Willy Millowitsch, actor and comedian (1909–1999)
  82. Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor from 1998–2005 (born 1944)
  83. Joseph Beuys, artist (1921–1986)
  84. Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher (1844–1900)
  85. Rudi Dutschke, student leader in the 1960s (1940–1979)
  86. Karl Lehmann, priest (born 1936)
  87. Beate Uhse, erotica entrepreneur (1919–2001)
  88. Trümmerfrauen ("rubble women"), rebuilding Germany after the war
  89. Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician and physicist (1777–1855)
  90. Helmut Rahn, athlete (football), scorer of winning goal in 1954 (1929–2003)
  91. Albrecht Dürer, artist (1471–1528)
  92. Max Schmeling, athlete (boxing) (1905–2005)
  93. Karl Benz, automobile pioneer (1844–1929)
  94. Frederick II, emperor (1194–1250)
  95. Reinhard Mey, singer-songwriter (born 1942)
  96. Heinrich Heine, writer (1797–1856)
  97. Georg Elser, Hitler assassin (1903–1945)
  98. Konrad Duden, linguist (1829–1911)
  99. James Last, composer (born 1929)
  100. Uwe Seeler, athlete (football) (born 1936)
  101. Jenny de la Torre Castro, "Angel of the Homeless" (born 1954)
  102. Erich Gutenberg, economist (1897–1984)
  103. Emanuel Lasker, chess champion (1868–1941)
  104. Rudolf Steiner, philosopher (1861–1925)
  105. Edith Stein, theologian (1891–1942)
  106. Farin Urlaub, musician (Die Ärzte) (born 1963)
  107. Xavier Naidoo, singer (born 1971)
  108. Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer (1473–1543)
  109. Adam Riese, mathematician (1492–1559)
  110. Gottlieb Daimler, automobile pioneer (1834–1900)
  111. Erich Kästner, writer (1899–1974)
  112. Rosa Luxemburg, politician (1871–1919)
  113. Bertolt Brecht, writer (1898–1956)
  114. Theodor Heuss, politician (1884–1963)
  115. Otto I the Great, monarch (912–973)
  116. Sigmund Freud, psychoanalyst (1856–1939)
  117. Christine Licci, Citibank chief (born 1964)
  118. Wilhelm Busch, writer (1832–1908)
  119. Hildegard Hamm-Brücher, politician (born 1921)
  120. 林悟道, musician (born 1946)
  121. Eugen Drewermann, theologian (born 1940)
  122. Ferdinand Sauerbruch, physician (1875–1951)
  123. Peter Maffay, musician (born 1949)
  124. Josef Frings, cardinal archbishop of Cologne (1887–1978)
  125. Silke Fritzen, entry pushed by a group of internet users
  126. Max Planck, physicist (1858–1947)
  127. Johannes Rau, politician, Federal President 1999–2004 (1931–2006)
  128. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Brothers Grimm , linguists (1785–1863 and 1786–1859)
  129. Baron Münchhausen, legendary nobleman and entertainer (1720–1797)
  130. Wilhelm II, last German emperor (1859–1941)
  131. Rudolf Augstein, journalist and publisher (1923–2002)
  132. Heinrich Böll, writer (1917–1985)
  133. 拉夫·舒马赫, racing driver (born 1975)
  134. 安妮·法兰克, teenage diary writer and Nazi victim (1929–1945)
  135. Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor ("Barbarossa"), monarch (1122–1190)
  136. Sigmund Jähn, cosmonaut, first German in space (born 1937)
  137. Franziska van Almsick, athlete (swimming) (born 1979)
  138. Clemens August Graf von Galen, theologian and resistance fighter (1878–1946)
  139. Ludwig II, "the Fairy tale King", king of Bavaria (1845–1886)
  140. Carl Friedrich Zeiss, physicist (1816–1888)
  141. Hildegard Knef, actress and singer (1925–2002)
  142. Levi Strauss, entrepreneur and inventor (jeans) (1829–1902)
  143. Sepp Herberger, football coach of the 1954 world cup winning team(1897–1977)
  144. Klaus Kinski, actor (1926–1991)
  145. Werner von Siemens, physicist and entrepreneur (1816–1892)
  146. 斐迪南·保时捷, automobile constructor (1875–1951)
  147. Peter Scholl-Latour, journalist (born 1924)
  148. August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, writer of national anthem lyrics (1798–1874)
  149. Siegfried and Roy, illusionists and tiger tamers (born 1939 and 1944)
  150. Christoph Langen, athlete (bobsledding) (born 1962)
  151. Michelle, singer (born 1974)
  152. Manfred von Ardenne, physicist (1907–1997)
  153. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, universal scholar (1646–1716)
  154. Arthur Schopenhauer, philosopher (1788–1860)
  155. 库尔特·图霍夫斯基, writer (1890–1935)
  156. Karl (born 1920) and Theo Albrecht (born 1922), entrepreneurs (Aldi)
  157. Joseph Ratzinger, cardinal (born 1927) (became Pope Benedict XVI in 2005)
  158. 维尔纳·海森堡, physicist (1901–1976)
  159. Harald Juhnke, actor (1929–2005)
  160. Till Eulenspiegel, literary figure as joker and jester, first appeared 1510/1511 (-)
  161. Götz George, actor (born 1938)
  162. 鲁道夫·狄塞尔, inventor (1858–1913)
  163. Stefan Raab, TV host and musician (born 1966)
  164. Hans Albers, singer and actor (1891–1960)
  165. Nina Hagen, singer (born 1954)
  166. Johannes Kepler, astronomer (1571–1630)
  167. Hans Rosenthal, TV host (1925–1987)
  168. Rupert Neudeck, physician and charity activist (Cap Anamur) (born 1939)
  169. Dieter Hildebrandt, comedian (born 1927)
  170. Marie-Theres Kroetz Relin, actress and housewife (born 1966)
  171. Kilian Saum, priest (born 1958)
  172. Hans Söllner, singer (born 1955)
  173. Gregor Gysi, (East) German politician (born 1948)
  174. Arminius, der Cherusker, Germanic leader in battle vs. Romans (-)
  175. Günter Grass, writer (born 1927)
  176. Inge Meysel, actress (1910–2004)
  177. Hans Hartz, musician (1943–2002)
  178. Karl Lagerfeld, fashion designer (born 1933 or 1938)
  179. Oliver Kahn, athlete (football) (born 1969)
  180. Gerd Müller, athlete (football) (born 1945)
  181. Ferdinand von Zeppelin, airship pioneer (1838–1917)
  182. Nikolaus August Otto, inventor (1832–1891)
  183. Grete Schickedanz, Quelle mail-order entrepreneur (1911–1994)
  184. Clara Zetkin, women's rights activist (1857–1933)
  185. Hannah Arendt, journalist and philosopher (1906–1975)
  186. Roman Herzog, Federal President 1994–1999(born 1934)
  187. Hermann Oberth, rocket physicist (1894–1984)
  188. Karl Valentin, comedian (1882–1948)
  189. Frank Schöbel, East German singer (born 1942)
  190. Jakob Fugger, entrepreneur (1459–1525)
  191. Henry Maske, athlete (boxing) (born 1964)
  192. Helmut Zacharias, violinist (1920–2002)
  193. Michael Ballack, athlete (football) (born 1976)
  194. Bernhard Grzimek, animal scientist and filmer (1909–1987)
  195. Richard Strauss, composer (1864–1949)
  196. Edmund Stoiber, politician (born 1941)
  197. Klaus Störtebeker, pirate (ca. 1370–1401)
  198. Peter Frankenfeld, Radio and Television personality (1913–1979)
  199. Mildred Scheel, physician and charity activist (1932–1985)
  200. 克劳蒂亚·雪佛，超模（生于1970年）

[编辑]参考资料

  1. ^ "Best Germans: Adenauer Beats Marx and Luther", About.com, 28/11/03
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ Der Spiegel Online, 08/08/03 (in German)
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